Tandem Michael Addition/Cyclization Reaction of 2,3-Allenoates with Organozincs: Facile Synthesis of Isocoumarins

A series of isocoumarin derivatives have been synthesized via the reaction of 2-(<i>o</i>-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)-2,3-allenoates with organozincs in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature (for dialkylzinc) or 100 °C (for Ph₂Zn) through a tandem Michael addition/intramolecular cyclization process

Additional file 1 of Quantifying heterogeneity in individual participant data meta-analysis with binary outcomes

Table S1. The Median (IQR) of the estimated τ 2 when no effect modification was present. Table S2. Sensitivity of heterogeneity measures to accounting for effect modification when prevalence of the outcome was 70%. Median (IQR) was presented. Table S3. Sensitivity of heterogeneity measures τ emod 2 τ crude 2 $\left(\frac{\tau_{\text{emod}}^{2}}{\tau^{2}_{\text{crude}}}\right)$ to accounting for effect modification. Median (IQR) was presented. (PDF 145 kb

Dispersive Liquid-Phase Microextraction with Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Sudan Dyes in Foodstuffs and Water Samples

Dispersive liquid-phase microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop (SFO–DLPME) is one of the most interesting sample preparation techniques developed in recent years. In this paper, a new, rapid, and efficient SFO–DLPME coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was established for the extraction and sensitive detection of banned Sudan dyes, namely, Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III, and Sudan IV, in foodstuff and water samples. Various factors, such as the type and volume of extractants and dispersants, pH and volume of sample solution, extraction time and temperature, ion strength, and humic acid concentration, were investigated and optimized to achieve optimal extraction of Sudan dyes in one single step. After optimization of extraction conditions using 1-dodecanol as an extractant and ethanol as a dispersant, the developed procedure was applied for extraction of the target Sudan dyes from 2 g of food samples and 10 mL of the spiked water samples. Under the optimized conditions, all Sudan dyes could be easily extracted by the proposed SFO–DLPME method. Limits of detection of the four Sudan dyes obtained were 0.10–0.20 ng g^–1 and 0.03 μg L^–1 when 2 g of foodstuff samples and 10 mL of water samples were adopted, respectively. The inter- and intraday reproducibilities were below 4.8% for analysis of Sudan dyes in foodstuffs. The method was satisfactorily used for the detection of Sudan dyes, and the recoveries of the target for the spiked foodstuff and water samples ranged from 92.6 to 106.6% and from 91.1 to 108.6%, respectively. These results indicated that the proposed method is simple, rapid, sensitive, and suitable for the pre-concentration and detection of the target dyes in foodstuff samples

Tandem Michael Addition/Cyclization Reaction of 2,3-Allenoates with Organozincs: Facile Synthesis of Isocoumarins

A series of isocoumarin derivatives have been synthesized via the reaction of 2-(<i>o</i>-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)-2,3-allenoates with organozincs in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature (for dialkylzinc) or 100 °C (for Ph₂Zn) through a tandem Michael addition/intramolecular cyclization process

Formation Mechanism of TiO₂ Nanotubes and Their Applications in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting and Supercapacitors

Structural observations of the transition of TiO₂ nanopores into nanotubes by increasing the OH^– concentration in the electrolyte challenge the validity of existing formation mechanisms of anodic TiO₂ nanotubes. In this study, dehydration of titanium hydroxide in the cell wall is proposed as the mechanism that leads to the separation of neighboring nanotubes. Based on this understanding, bamboo-type TiO₂ nanotubes with large surface area and excellent interconnectivity are achieved by cycling high and low applied potentials. After thermal treatment in a H₂ atmosphere, the bamboo-type TiO₂ nanotubes show large photoelectrochemical water splitting efficiency and supercapacitors performace

Eggshell Membrane-Based Biotemplating of Mixed Hemimicelle/Admicelle as a Solid-Phase Extraction Adsorbent for Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

A new solid-phase extraction (SPE) format was demonstrated, based on eggshell membrane (ESM) templating of the mixed hemimicelle/admicelle of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS) as an adsorbent for the enrichment of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental aqueous samples. The LAS mixed hemimicelle/admicelle formation and SPE of the target PAHs were conducted simultaneously by adding the organic target and LAS through a column filled with 500 mg of ESM. The effect of various factors, including LAS concentration, solution pH, ionic strength, and humic acid concentration on the recoveries of PAHs were investigated and optimized. The results showed that LAS concentration and solution pH had obvious effect on extraction of PAHs, and the recoveries of PAHs compounds decreased in the presence of salt and humic acid. Under the optimized analytical conditions, the present method could respond down to 0.1–8.6 ng/L PAHs with a linear calibration ranging from 0.02 to 10 μg/L, showing a good PAHs enrichment ability with high sensitivity. The developed method was used satisfactorily for the detection of PAHs in environmental water samples. The mixed hemimicelle/admicelle adsorbent exhibited high extraction efficiency to PAHs and good selectivity with respect to natural organic matter and was advantageous over commercial C₁₈ adsorbent, for example, high extraction yield, high breakthrough volume, and easy regeneration

Wind-Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Scavenging Biomechanical Energy

The wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), considered as one of the most important tributaries of the TENG family, possesses high-frequency signals and remarkable output power. Herein, a wind-driven TENG, employing silver nanowires (Ag NWs) and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) as triboelectric materials, was designed with a purpose to act as a power unit to replace batteries in some wearable devices. Under a wind speed of 20 m/s, the as-fabricated TENG could generate an output voltage, current, and power of up to 150 V, 7.5 μA, and 0.18 mW, respectively. Wind-driven TENGs were integrated into three types of self-powered devices (i.e., shoe, bracelet, and mask) to play roles as energy sources due to the high output power and high-frequency signals. The wearable devices were utilized to monitor different motion states (e.g., walking, jogging, and running) at various body positions. These prototypes of self-powered wearable devices could offer new approaches to protecting our environment and improving the quality of human life

Forrest plot of odds ratio for the association of MTA1 and clinicopathlogical parameters.

<p>(3a) Association between MTA1 expression and vascular invasion. (3b) Association between MTA1 expression and TNM stage.</p

Role of metastasis-associated protein 1 in prognosis of patients with digestive tract cancers: A meta-analysis - Fig 6

<p>Forrest plot of the risk ratio for the association of MTA1 and OS in DTC patients:Association between MTA1 overexpression and 5-year (6a) OS in high-quality studies subgroup. Association between MTA1 overexpression and 5-year (6b) OS in gastrointestinal cancer subgroup. Association between MTA1 overexpression and 5-year (6c) OS in esophageal cancer subgroup</p

Table_1_Comparative Study of Different Diets-Induced NAFLD Models of Zebrafish.DOCX

<p>Dietary composition has important impact on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between NAFLD and major dietary components using zebrafish larvae fed different diets. Zebrafish larvae fed with high cholesterol (HC), high fructose (HF) and extra feeding (EF) diets for 10 days displayed varying degrees steatosis. The incidence and degree of steatosis were the most severe in the EF group. A HC diet severely promoted lipid deposits in the caudal vein. The triglyceride and glucose contents of zebrafish significantly increased in the HF and EF groups compared with the control group. Moreover, the mRNA expression of oxidative stress gene gpx1a, endoplasmic reticulum stress genes ddit3 and grp78, inflammatory genes tnfa, glucose metabolism genes irs2, glut1 and glut2, and lipid metabolism genes cidec, chrebp, ppara and cpt1a were significantly increased in the HF group. The HC diet was associated with upregulation of grp78, and downregulation of irs2, glut1 and glut2. The mRNA expression of lipogenesis and glucose metabolism associated genes were decreased in the EF group. In addition, the autophagy associated genes atg3, atg5, atg7, and atg12, and protein expression of ATG3 and LC3BII were reduced and P62 were elevated in the HC group. We also performed comparative transcriptome analysis of the four groups. A total of 2,492 differentially expressed genes were identified, and 24 statistically significant pathways were enriched in the diet treatment groups. This study extends our understanding of the relationships between diet ingredients and host factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD, which may provide new ideas for the treatment of NAFLD.</p